The Topic: Ancient Egypt Easier - The Nile River Valley gave rich, fertile soil for farming. Yearly floods provided fresh nutrients. People settled there over 5,000 years ago. The Egyptians believed in many gods and in a perfect eternal life after death. They were ruled by pharaohs with absolute power. After death, they preserved their ruler's bodies by embalming and buried them in pyramid tombs. These royal tombs were decorated by paintings and filled with food, jewelry, clothing, weapons, tools, and statues. Egyptians also invented hieroglyphic writing and made advances in medicine, mathematics, and irrigation and farming methods. Their way of life thrived until 30 BC, when the Romans conquered the empire.   Harder - Egypt was the longest-lived civilization in the ancient world. Their ancient culture along the Nile River in northeastern Africa began about 3,300 BC and thrived for over 3,000 years. Seasonal rains in the southern highlands inundated the Nile every year causing the river to overflow its banks. When the floodwaters receded, a layer of rich black topsoil covered the flood plain. This condition enabled the Egyptians to develop a successful farming economy.   Other natural factors contributed to ancient Egypt's rise to a great empire in the Nile region. The region's climate provided a relatively cloudless sky where the sun consistently provided heat and light almost every day. The Nile River served as a transportation highway and provided life-giving fresh water that sustained both plant and animals. Surrounding natural barriers provided protection for the people; a vast desert to the west, seas to the north and east, and the upper rapids or cataracts of the Nile prevented hostile attacks from the south.   In this location a sophisticated and creative society developed, the only one in the area to endure for thousands of years. The Egyptians developed principles of architecture, mathematics, and construction, enabling them to construct large stone buildings as early as 2,500 BC. Their enduring artwork in sculpture, painting, and drawing still captivates today's viewers. Egyptians studied medicine and dentistry. They processed thin, flat paper like sheets from papyrus on which they wrote their texts. They developed a written script of hieroglyphs, a form of picture writing. Egyptians also originated many basic arithmetic and geometry concepts. Their calendar was based on the observation of the Sun and stars. They produced a vast body of written records that included ethical and moralistic treatises, instructional texts, religious and mythical scrolls, poetry, epic tales, and ribald stories. Egypt became a major power in the ancient world, dominating the region until their conquest by Romans.   Ancient Egypt from Royal Ontario Museum http://www.rom.on.ca/egypt/ Learn about everyday life in ancient Egypt. This site contains information, folk tales, games and activities, and lots of links. Related Websites: 2) Ancient Egypt http://www.angelfire.com/wi/egypt/index.html 3) Ancient Egypt for Kids http://www.angelfire.com/ca/pye/index.html 4) Ancient Egypt from Discovery Channel http://dsc.discovery.com/guides/history/egypt.html 5) Ancient Egypt from Gander Academy http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/CITE/egypt.htm 6) Ancient Egypt from History for Kids! http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/index.htm 7) Ancient Egypt form Mr. Dowling's Electronic Passport http://www.mrdowling.com/604egypt.html 8) Ancient Egypt from Snaith Primary School http://home.freeuk.net/elloughton13/egypt.htm 9) Ancient Egypt from Kent School District http://www.kent.wednet.edu/curriculum/soc_studies/Egypt/egypt.html 10) Daily Life in Ancient Egypt by L. & D. Donn http://members.aol.com/Donnclass/Egyptlife.html 11) History of Egypt from Little Horus http://www.horus.ics.org.eg/html/history1.html 12) History of Egypt http://touregypt.net/kids/History.htm 13) Rosetta Stone from Cleveland Museum of Art's Rosetta Stone's Site http://www.clemusart.com/archive/pharaoh/rosetta/index.html   Ancient Egypt from the British Museum http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/ This site explores what life was like in Ancient Egypt. Learn about the pharaohs, pyramids, temples, gods and goddesses, and much more. Other Online Exhibits: 2) Ancient Egyptian Culture Exhibit from Minnesota State University's eMuseum http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/egypt/ 3) Ancient Egyptian Virtual Temple http://showcase.netins.net/web/ankh/index.html 4) Egypt Odyssey Online by M.C.C. Musemu from Emory University http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/EGYPT/homepg.html 5) Life in Ancient Egypt from The Walton Hall of Ancient Egypt, Carnegie Museum of Natural History http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmnh/exhibits/egypt/index.htm 6) Life of Ancient Egyptians from Egyptian State Information Service http://www.us.sis.gov.eg/pharo/html/front.htm 7) Mysteries of Egypt from Canadian Museum of Civilization http://www.civilization.ca/civil/egypt/egypt_e.html 8) Splendors of Ancient Egypt from St. Petersburg Times http://www2.sptimes.com/Egypt/ 9) Quest for Immortality: Treasures of Ancient Egypt from National Gallery of Art http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2002/egypt/   Ancient Egyptian Virtual Temple http://showcase.netins.net/web/ankh/ This comprehensive website on ancient Egypt includes ancient Egyptian life, hieroglyphics, pyramid construction, religion, and more. If it's Egypt, it's probably here. Related Websites: 2) Ancient Egypt from Exploring Ancient World Cultures, University of Evansville http://eawc.evansville.edu/egpage.htm 3) Ancient Egypt from University of Richmond http://oncampus.richmond.edu/academics/as/education/projects/webunits/egypt/Main.html 4) Ancient Egypt: An Introduction to the History and Culture of Pharaonic Egypt http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/index.html 5) Egyptians from BBC http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/ 6) Egypt Antiquities & Ancient Egypt Information from Tour Egypt http://touregypt.net/egyptantiquities/ 7) Egypt's Golden Empire from PBS http://www.pbs.org/empires/egypt/ 8) Mark Millmore's Ancient Egypt http://www.eyelid.co.uk/ 9) Neferchichi's Tomb by K. Fleury http://www.neferchichi.com/ 10) Virtual Egypt http://www.virtual-egypt.com/    Egypt: Secrets of an Ancient World from National Geographic http://www.nationalgeographic.com/pyramids/ Here you can explore the pyramids and find out what happens when archaeologists use a robot to explore the Great Pyramid. Related Websites: 2) At the Tomb of Tutankhamen from National Geographic http://www.nationalgeographic.com/egypt/ 3) Catchpenny Mysteries of Ancient Egypt by L. Orcutt http://www.catchpenny.org/index.html 4) Egyptian Pyramid from Encyclopedia Smithsonian http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/nmnh/pyramid.htm 5) Great Pyramid of Giza http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/pyramid.html 6) Great Pyramid of Giza http://www.cleveleys.co.uk/wonders/greatpyramid.htm 7) Khufu's Great Pyramid from The UnMuseum http://unmuseum.mus.pa.us/kpyramid.htm 8) Mysteries of the Nile from PBS NOVA Online http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/egypt/ 9) Pharaoh's Obelisk from PBS NOVA Online http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/obelisk/ 10) Pyramids from Egyptian State Information Service http://www.us.sis.gov.eg/pyramid/html/pyr00.htm 11) Pyramids: The Inside Story from PBS NOVA Online http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/pyramid/ 12) Secrets of the Pharaohs from PBS http://www.pbs.org/wnet/pharaohs/index.html 13) Sphinx from Egyptian State Information Service http://www.us.sis.gov.eg/sphinx/html/sphnx000.htm 14) Step Pyramid Complex of Djoser (a.k.a. Zozer) http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/arth/zoser/zoser.html   After visiting several of the websites, complete one or more of the following activities.   Write In Egyptian Hieroglyphs. You might want to see your name in hieroglyphs, the way an Egyptian scribe might have written it. Visit Write Like An Egyptian from the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology or Name in Hieroglyphic. Write a few other phrases or a favorite quotation.   Play A Pyramid Game. Visit Build A Pyramid Game (Requires Shockwave) from Discovery. There you attempt to build your pyramid before time runs out. You probably will want to start with the tutorial section of the site.   Take An Online Mummy Quiz. See how you do with the online quiz at Kid Quiz with Rosetta Stone from the Cleveland Museum of Art.   Learn About Building A Pyramid. Begin your research by visiting the websites for information on the pyramids. Continue with navigating through Building The Great Pyramid by R. Carkner. What would the price tag be for building a great pyramid today. Select your ideal location, estimate how much land would be needed and how much that land would cost. Where would the needed stone be readily available? Consider the needs and cost for stonecutters, transportation, equipment, construction, and labor. You can find and adapt project guidelines and procedures found at Mr. Pitonyak's Pyramid Page. Continue estimating all the costs and time needed to build your pyramid. Construct a model of your finished pyramid.   Complete An Ancient Egypt WebQuest. Adapt or follow the procedures found at one of the following webQuest sites: 1) Ancient Egypt by L. Beebe, M. Lewis, & Y.McCoy http://www.foshay.k12.ca.us/MAC/Ancient%20Egypt/Index.htm 2) Ancient Egypt WebQuest by A. Tronpeter http://www.framingham.k12.ma.us/webquest/egypt.htm 3) Creating an Ancient Egyptian Sarcophagus http://www.berksiu.k12.pa.us/webquest/Keeney/default.htm 4) I Want My Mummy! (Grade 6-8) by T. Hebert http://home.cfl.rr.com/mrshebert/Mummy/index.htm 5) King Tutankhamun: Was It Murder? by M. Decker http://www.pekin.net/pekin108/wash/webquest/ 6) Nubia – The Other Gift of the Nile by G. Desler and C. Conforti http://imet.csus.edu/imet1/desler/nubia/student.htm   Play An Ancient Egyptian Boardgame. One or two players can play this fun game (Requires Flash). Follow the procedures found at Senet and see if you can move all your game pieces off the board first. Since no rules or directions were ever found for this game, speculate on any other way that the game might have been played. Can you figure out the way that the sticks thrown are scored? You might also be interested in Nine Men's Morris, another board game which you print out and play.   Create An Egyptian Model. Construct a paper model of a pharaoh's death mask; follow the directions found at Build a Pharaoh from the Cleveland Museum of Art Rosetta Stone's Site. You may choose to follow the illustrations and steps of Make Your Own Mummy.   Color Pictures Of Ancient Egypt. Print out the pages found at Color Me Egypt from Tour Egypt. Some learners may want to follow procedures at Draw Like An Egyptian to create original artwork in ancient Egyptian style.   Send An Ancient Egypt eCard. Follow the directions found at Send a Virtual Ancient Egyptian Postcard form King TutOne.   Write An Article For The Egyptian Times. Pretend that you are a journalist in ancient Egypt. Write and illustrate your article for the vintage press. You can see examples at Egyptian News. Websites By Kids For Kids Ancient Egypt from Empires (2002, ThinkQuest National Gold Medal Winner) http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210200/ancient_egypt/egypt.htm This project houses information and resources, activities, and more. Related Projects: 2) Ancient Egypt (2001 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge) http://library.thinkquest.org/C0121761/ 3) Ancient Egypt (2001 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge) http://library.thinkquest.org/C0117862/   Ancient Egypt Web from Sir Robert Hitcham's Primary School http://www.hitchams.suffolk.sch.uk/egypt/index.htm Here primary school students report on what they learned about life in ancient Egypt. The site includes original illustrations.   Art of Ancient Egypt (Grade 3) http://www.kyrene.k12.az.us/schools/brisas/sunda/arthistory/egypt.htm This project provides a brief summary of Egyptian art.   Egyptian Adventure (2000 ThinkQuest Junior Project) http://library.thinkquest.org/J002657/ This overview of ancient Egypt provides information about rulers, places, ways of life, and more!   Mummy Online! (1999 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge) http://library.thinkquest.org/28209/ Learn all about mummies and mummification. Related Project: 2) Mummies Of Ancient Egypt (2001 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge) http://library.thinkquest.org/C0116982/   Pharaohs Clinic (2000 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge) http://library.thinkquest.org/C005492/ The skills of the ancient Egyptians in preserving bodies through mummification are well known, but their expertise in the everyday medical practices needed to treat living is less familiar and often misinterpreted.   Woman Called Egypt (2000 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge) http://library.thinkquest.org/C003877F/ This site uses a play format to approach the important events of Cleopatra VII's life.   World of Ancient Egypt (ThinkQuest Project) http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215615/ Learn about ancient Egyptian daily life, mummification, royalty, and hieroglyphics. Related ThinkQuest Projects: 2) Enchantment of Ancient Egypt http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215618/   More Websites on Ancient Egypt Ancient Egyptian Cats from Cats and Kittens Magazine http://www.catsandkittens.com/articles/egypt.shtml This essay explores the domestication and deification of cats by ancient Egyptians.   Ancient Egyptian Mathematics http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Indexes/Egyptians.html This website summarizes the advances that ancient Egyptians made in mathematics. Related Websites: 2) Egyptian Mathematics http://www.discoveringegypt.com/numbers.htm 3) Egyptian Method of Multiplication from Math Forum's Ask Dr. Math http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/57542.html   Anthony's Egyptology & Archaeology http://www.osirisweb.com/egypt/ The civilization of Ancient Egypt managed to thrive for over 3,000 years in an arid and desolate portion of Africa. Although probably best known for their architectural and artistic achievements, there is much more to this complex and innovative people. Related Websites: 2) Akhet Egyptology http://www.akhet.co.uk/ 3) Ancient Egypt by J. Kinnaer http://www.ancient-egypt.org/ 4) Digital Egypt for Universities from University College London http://www.petrie.ucl.ac.uk/digital_egypt/ 5) Guardian's Egypt by A. Bayuk http://www.guardians.net/egypt/   Art of Ancient Egypt from The Metropolitan Museum of Art http://164.109.24.46/explore/newegypt/htm/a_index.htm For over three thousand years the Egyptians adhered to a prescribed set of rules as to how a work of art in three dimensions should be presented. The exhibit is organized around themes (Egyptian beliefs, people in Ancient Egypt etc.) or visitors can explore the exhibit in a timeline. Other Egyptian Art Sites: 2) Ancient Egypt: The Eternal Voice from McClung Museum http://mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/permex/egypt/egypt.htm 3) Ancient Egyptian Art from Michael C. Carlos Museum http://carlos.emory.edu/COLLECTION/EGYPT/ 4) Cleopatra: A Multimedia Guide to Art of the Ancient World from The Art Institute of Chicago http://www.artic.edu/cleo/ 5) Egypt: Highlights of the Collections from Oriental Institute Museum http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/HIGH/OI_Museum_Egypt.html 6) EgyptArt by R. Deurer http://members.aol.com/egyptart/ 7) Egypt from Detroit Institute of Arts' Ancient Art http://www.dia.org/collections/ancient/egypt/egypt.html 8) Egypt: Gift of the Nile from Seattle Art Museum http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/exhibit/archive/egypt/ 9) Egyptian Antiquities from Louvre Museum http://www.louvre.fr/anglais/collec/ae/ae_oeuv.htm 10) Egyptian Art from The Metropolitan Museum of Art http://www.metmuseum.org/collections/department.asp?dep=10 11) Egyptian Artifacts Exhibit from Institute of Egyptian Art and Archaeology, The University of Memphis http://www.memphis.edu/egypt/artifact.html    Color Tour of Egypt from Institute of Egyptian Art and Archaeology, The University of Memphis http://www.memphis.edu/egypt/egypt.html Take a tour of over a dozen different ancient Egyptian sites along the Nile River.   Directory of Ancient Egyptian Gods http://www.osirisweb.com/egypt/director.htm This site lists and describes the Egyptian Gods. Related Websites: 2) Egyptian Mythology http://interoz.com/egypt/gods1.htm 3) Egyptian Mythological Deities http://members.aol.com/egyptart/list.html   Duke Papyrus Archive http://odyssey.lib.duke.edu/papyrus/texts/homepage.html The Duke Papyrus Archive provides electronic access to texts about and images of nearly 1400 papyri from ancient Egypt.   Egyptian History and Antiquities from Tour Egypt http://touregypt.net/egyptantiquities/ Here you find a summary of Egyptian history. Not-To-Be-Missed Section: 2) History of Egypt http://touregypt.net/ehistory.htm   House and Garden from Ancient Egypt http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/housing.htm Learn about the design and construction of Egyptian houses. Related Website: 2) History of Plumbing - Egypt from The Plumber http://www.theplumber.com/egypt.html   How to Build a Pyramid from The Unnatural Museum http://unmuseum.mus.pa.us/bldpyram.htm So, how did the ancient Egyptians construct such an impressive monument so long ago? Some wild theories exist. Related Websites: 2) Discovery of the Tombs of the Pyramid Builders at Giza by Z. Hawass http://www.guardians.net/hawass/buildtomb.htm 3) Pyramid Builders http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/7357/builders.htm 4) Pyramids from King TutOne http://www.kingtutone.com/pyramids/ 5) Pyramids: Design and Construction http://www.touregypt.net/construction/ 6) Pyramids in Egypt from University College London http://www.petrie.ucl.ac.uk/digital_egypt/pyramids/index.html    Learn All About Reading Hieroglyphics http://www.virtual-egypt.com/newhtml/hieroglyphics/ So you want to write like an Egyptian, huh? Well it took several years for aspiring scribes to learn how to do it, so for the sake of time this site just covers the basics. Related Websites: 2) Egyptian Hieroglyphs http://logos.uoregon.edu/explore/orthography/egypt.html#decipherment 3) Egyptian Hieroglyphs http://www.ancientscripts.com/egyptian.html 4) Hieroglyphs http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/mummy/hieroglyphs.html 5) Hieroglyphics http://www.discoveringegypt.com/hiromenu.htm 6) Hieroglyphics http://emuseum.mankato.msus.edu/prehistory/egypt/hieroglyphics/heiroglyphics.html 7) Papyrus of Nes-Min: Egyptian Book of the Dead from Detroit Institute of the Arts http://dia.org/bulletin/papyrus/ 8) Rosetta Stone http://www.kidskonnect.com/AncientEgypt/RosettaStone.html 9) Writing http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/writing/home.html   Medicine from Minnesota State University's eMuseum http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/egypt/dailylife/medicine.html The Egyptians were advanced medical practitioners for their time. They were masters of human anatomy and healing mostly due to the extensive mummification ceremonies. Related Website: 2) In Sickness and in Health: The Healers and Their Art http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/medicine.htm 3) Medicine in Ancient Egypt by S.M. Arab (Part 1 of 3) http://www.arabworldbooks.com/articles8.htm 4) Medicine in Ancient Egypt by S.M. Arab (Part 2 of 3) http://www.arabworldbooks.com/articles8b.htm 5) Medicine in Ancient Egypt by S.M. Arab (Part 2 of 3) http://www.arabworldbooks.com/articles8c.htm 6) Medicine In Old Egypt http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam22.html   Mummies of Ancient Egypt from University of Michigan School of Information http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/mummy/ What are mummies? How were they made? Who were they? Here you can learn about Egyptian afterlife. Related Websites: 2) All About Mummies from Neferchichi's Tomb http://www.neferchichi.com/mummies.html 3) All About Mummies from Virtual Egypt http://www.virtual-egypt.com/newhtml/mummies/ 4) Ask the Mummy from Cleveland Museum of Art's Rosetta Stone's Site http://www.clemusart.com/archive/pharaoh/rosetta/rosefaq.html 5) Cyber Mummy http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/VideoTestbed/Projects/Mummy/mummyhome.html 6) Dan Murphy's Mummy Web Page http://www.site-ology.com/egypt/ 7) Death in Ancient Egypt by A.A. O'Brien from Oriental Institute http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/DEPT/RA/ABZU/DEATH.HTML 8) Death & Burial from Egypt Odyssey from Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/EGYPT/d&b.html 9) Egyptian Mummies from Smithsonian Institution http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/nmnh/mummies.htm 10) Egyptian Mummies from King TutOne http://www.kingtutone.com/mummies/ 11) How to Make a Mummy from National Geographic http://www.nationalgeographic.com/media/tv/mummy/ 12) Mummies Unmasked from National Geographic http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngkids/9906/mummies/ 13) Mummy Tombs http://www.mummytombs.com/ 14) You Wouldn't Want To Be An Egyptian Mummy! from Salariya Book Company http://www.salariya.com/web_books/mummy/   Nubia from Egyptian State Information Service http://www.us.sis.gov.eg/nubia/html/nubia00.htm This online exhibition gives information about Nubia, its geography, economic importance, a chronology of its history, traditions, culture, and history. Related Websites: 2) Ancient Africa's Black Kingdoms http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/ancientafrica.html 3) Ancient Nubia from The Freeman Institute™ http://www.freemaninstitute.com/Gallery/nubia.htm 4) Kush, Meroe, and Nubia http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Sudan.html 5) Nubia http://www.byu.edu/ipt/projects/egypt/Nubia.html 6) Nubia: Renown Unearthed from Ruins from Michigan Today http://www.umich.edu/~newsinfo/MT/95/Oct95/mt10o95.html 7) Nubia: Struggling to Protect a Glorious Past from PBS's Black Kingdoms of the Nile http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi1/nile.htm   Sacred Scarab from McClung Museum http://mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/permex/egypt/egs-text.htm By far the most important amulet in ancient Egypt was the scarab, symbolically as sacred to the Egyptians as the cross is to Christians. Related Website: 2) Scarabs from Victor's Egyptology http://home.online.no/~shammas/scarabs.html    Tomb of Senneferi from University of Cambridge http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/egypt/tt99/index.html This site provides information on an archaeological fieldwork project in progress. Not-To-Be-Missed Section: 2) QTVR Movies http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/egypt/tt99/vr.html Related Website: 3) Tomb of Senneferi http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/archaeology/sites/africa/senneferi.html    People of Ancient Egypt Encyclopedia of the Rulers of Egypt from Egyptian State Information Service http://www.us.sis.gov.eg/rulers/html/en01p.htm There are also more than 170 Pharaohs, and some of them have names that are very similar to each other. Did you know that there were seven Cleopatras (the really famous one was Cleopatra VII). Here you find a list of all of the Pharaohs and all of the dynasties and all of the kingdoms. Related Websites: 2) Egyptian Kings (Pharaohs) from Tour Egypt http://touregypt.net/Kings.htm 3) Pharaohs from Cleveland Museum of Art http://www.clevelandart.org/archive/pharaoh/index.html 4) Pharaohs of the Sun from Boston Museum of Fine Arts http://www.mfa.org/egypt/amarna/index.html 5) Timeline of the Pharaohs from Travels with Mousey http://members.aol.com/egyptmous1/chrono.html   Akhenaten from King TutOne http://www.kingtutone.com/akhenaten/ Akhenaten was Egypt’s most profound pharaoh to rule Egypt. He led Egypt in a direction that would tag him “The Heretic Pharaoh.” He brought forth new ideas mainly in religion and art that would leave a lasting impression on the world. Related Websites: 2) Akhenaten http://www.sis.gov.eg/egyptinf/history/html/akhen.htm 3) Akhenaten? http://homepage.ntlworld.com/dizzydalek/amarna/akhena10.htm 4) Akhenaten by M. Lorenz http://www.heptune.com/Akhnaten.html 5) Akhenaten - The Glory of the Aten http://kate.stange.com/egypt/akhenaten.htm 5) Akhenaten, The Sun King http://www.angelfire.com/ny/akhenaten/   Amenhotep III from King TutOne http://www.kingtutone.com/pharaohs/amenhotep3/ This pharaoh ruled during a peaceful time and beautified Egypt. Related Websites: 2) Amenhotep III from Gurardian's Egypt http://www.guardians.net/egypt/amenhtp3.htm 3) Amenhotep III, the Ninth King of Egypt's 18th Dynasty by J. Dunn http://touregypt.net/featurestories/amenhotep3.htm   Ankhesenamun from King TutOne http://www.kingtutone.com/queens/ankhesenamun/ She married Tutankhamun at the age of thirteen and might have tried to save the throne. Related Websites: 2) Ankhesenamun http://members.tripod.com/~ib205/ankhesenamun.html 3) Ankhsenamun http://www.geocities.com/alisalee83/ankh.html   Cleopatra from The Field Museum http://www.fmnh.org/cleopatra/ Was she a hero or a villain? A beauty or a beguiler? A brilliant leader or a ruthless destroyer? Explore the myth and mystery of Cleopatra, Egypt’s last queen. Other Cleopatra Websites: 2) Cleopatra http://www.royalty.nu/Africa/Egypt/Cleopatra.html 3) Cleopatra from King TutOne http://www.kingtutone.com/queens/cleopatra/ 4) Cleopatra VII http://interoz.com/egypt/cleopatr.htm 5) Cleopatra from Little Horus http://www.horus.ics.org.eg/html/cleopatra.html 6) Cleopatra, the Last Pharaoh (B.C. 69-30) http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/alexandria/history/cleo.html   Hatshepsut from King TutOne http://www.kingtutone.com/queens/hatshepsut/ This lady was full of ambition and dressed like a pharaoh to preserve her dominance. Related Websites: 2) Hatshepsut from Tour Egypt http://www.touregypt.net/18dyn05.htm 3) Hatshepsut, Female Pharaoh of Egypt by C. Seawright http://www.touregypt.net/historicalessays/hatshepsut.htm 4) Hatshepsut: The Woman Who Was King http://www.eyelid.co.uk/k-q1.htm 5) Pharaoh Maatkare Hatshepsut http://www.maatkare.com/qhat.html 6) Story of Hatshepsut by D. Bediz http://www.bediz.com/hatshep/story.html   Imhotep, Doctor, Architect, High Priest, Scribe and Vizier to King Djoser by J. Dunn http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/imhotep.htm Of the non royal population of Egypt, this one man is probably known better than all others. Related Websites: 2) Imhotep http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/egypt/history/people/imhotep.html 3) Imhoptep "Father of Medicine" (2980 B.C.) http://www.nbufront.org/html/MastersMuseums/JHClarke/HistoricalPersonalities/hp2.html   Nefertiti: The Great Royal Wife by N. Didier from Suite 101 http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/ancient_egypt/9329 Nefertiti first appears on the scene when she becomes the Great Royal Wife of Akhenaten. Scholars still debate her origins, some believing that she was a princess from another land. Those believing her to be of Egyptian origin are also divided. Related Website: 2) Nefertiti http://www.sis.gov.eg/egyptinf/history/html/nef.htm 3) Nefertiti from King TutOne http://www.kingtutone.com/queens/nefertari/ 4) Nefertiti: the Queen in her Chariot from Nile Muse http://www.nilemuse.com/nefertiti/index.html 5) Queen Nefertiti http://www.angelfire.com/de2/3pyramids/Nefertiti.html 6) Queen Nefertiti from Afro-American Almanac http://www.toptags.com/aama/bio/women/nefert.htm   Pharaoh Khufu from Guardian's Egypt http://www.guardians.net/egypt/khufu.htm Khufu (2589-2566 BC) was the 4th Dynasty (2613-2498) pharaoh who built the Great Pyramid of Giza. Related Websites: 2) Khufu by M. Parsons from Tour Egypt http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/khufu.htm 3) Pharaoh Khufu (2642 B.C.-2573 B.C.) http://www.websn.com/Pride/Pride/pharaoh_khufu.htm 4) Pharaoh Khufu from King TutOne http://www.kingtutone.com/pharaohs/khufu/ 5) Pharaoh Khufu and the Great Pyramid by T.J. James http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/History/Egypt/03/james/james.htm   Ramses II from King TutOne http://www.kingtutone.com/pharaohs/ramses2/ This great Pharaoh had a huge lifespan during his time. Find out what made him so spectacular. Related Website: 2) King Ramses II http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/2815/ramses.html 3) Ramses II from The Pharaohs Network http://www.thepharaohs.net/pharaohs/RamsesII.cfm 4) Ramses II from Tour Egypt http://www.touregypt.net/19dyn03.htm 5) Ramses the Great http://www.sis.gov.eg/egyptinf/history/html/ramses.htm   Snefru from King TutOne http://www.kingtutone.com/pharaohs/snefru/ Learn about the pharaoh that was responsible for so many pyramids. Related Websites: 2) King Snefru: The First Great Pyramid Builder by V. Davies & R. Friedman http://www.fathom.com/feature/190171 3) Snefru http://www.aldokkan.com/egypt/snefru.htm 4) Snefru, 1st King of Egypt's 4th Dynasty by J. Dunn http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/snefru.htm   Tutankhamun from Canadian Museum of Civilization http://www.civilization.ca/civil/egypt/egtut01e.html His story continues to unfold as new theories are proposed in an attempt to explain what really happened to the boy behind the golden mask. Related Websites: 2) Death of Pharaoh http://www.scs.wsu.edu/~mrobin/pharaoh_death.html 3) Guardian's King Tut http://www.guardians.net/egypt/tut1.htm 4) King Tut http://www.site-ology.com/egypt/KT.HTM 5) King Tut from King TutOne http://www.kingtutone.com/tutankhamun/ 6) Tutankhamun: Boy King http://www.osirisweb.com/egypt/tutpage.htm   Websites For Teachers Ancient Egypt: Lesson Plans for Teachers from Detroit Institute of Arts http://www.dia.org/education/egypt-teachers/ This site houses a collection of cross-curricular lesson plans created by local teachers. Related Websites: 2) Ancient Egypt - A Thematic Unit for Elementary Students by S. Seagraves http://www.geocities.com/sseagraves/ancientegyptlessonplans.htm   Ancient Egypt (Grades 6-8) by C. Lenoir from AskERIC http://askeric.org/cgi-bin/printlessons.cgi/Virtual/Lessons/Language_Arts/Writing/WCP0054.html This lesson plan leads students to discover ancient Egypt through literature and written language. Other Related Lessons from AskERIC: 2) Ancient Egypt and Hieroglyphics (Grade 2) by R. Leonardi http://askeric.org/cgi-bin/printlessons.cgi/Virtual/Lessons/Social_Studies/World_History . . . 3) Egyptian Tomb Paintings (Grades 6-8) by J.M. Phillips http://askeric.org/cgi-bin/printlessons.cgi/Virtual/Lessons/Arts/Art_History/ARH0200.html 4) Fun with Hieroglyphics (Grade 4) by D. Conley and B. Hall http://askeric.org/cgi-bin/printlessons.cgi/Virtual/Lessons/Social_Studies/World_History . . . 5) Mummification (Grades 6-8) by C. Armstrong http://askeric.org/cgi-bin/printlessons.cgi/Virtual/Lessons/Science/Process_Skills/SPS0012.html 6) My Pyramid - Preparing for a Journey (Grades 4-8) by N. Kraig http://askeric.org/cgi-bin/printlessons.cgi/Virtual/Lessons/Language_Arts/Writing/WCP0023.html 7) Pictograph Stone Carving (Grades 3-5) by P.P. Olson http://askeric.org/cgi-bin/printlessons.cgi/Virtual/Lessons/Arts/Visual_Arts/ARA0013.html   Egypt http://www.angelfire.com/ma/1stGrade/Egypt.html Here you find activity ideas for a unit study of Egypt plus a bibliography of literature.   Egyptian Multiplication (Grades 6- 9) http://atozteacherstuff.com/lessons/EgpytianMult.shtml Using an Egyptian algorithm, students learn to multiply any two numbers.   Hidden History of Egypt (Grades 6-8) from Discovery School http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/hiddenegypt/ In this lesson, learners research one aspect of daily life in ancient Egypt such as food, housing, and religion. Other Related Lessons & Activities from DiscoverySchool: 2) Akhenaten (Grades 6-8) http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/akhenaten/ 3) Ancient Egypt (Grades 6-8) http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/tutankhamen/ 4) Build A Tomb Activity (Grades 6-12) http://school.discovery.com/fall98/activities/buildatomb/ 5) Cleopatra (Grades 6-8) http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/cleopatra/ 6) Egyptian Antiquities (Grades 6-8) http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/sneferu/ 7) Making Mummies (Grades 6-8) http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/makingmummies/ 8) Mummy Tales (Grades 6-8) http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/mummytales/ 9) Wheel of Pharaoh (Grades K-5) http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/wheelofpharaoh/   Egypt basket Rosetta stone king ancient Africa pharaoh artist mathematics scribe sphinx papyrus gold tomb river king & queen bronze sarcophagus number system cartouche Nubia mummy Mesopotamia amulet copper ancient China hieroglyph farming funeral mask afterlife Rosetta Stone queen stone mural passageway Kush temple god & goddess flooding scarab mask Canopic jar ancient Rome Nile River "Book of the Dead" sculpture Valley of the Kings pottery pyramid        Created by Annette Lamb and Larry Johnson, 3/03.