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- The
Topic:
- Japanese-American
Internment
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- Easier - During
World War II the U.S. government forced more than
120,000 Japanese Americans to leave their homes and
along with farms, schools, jobs, and businesses. In
some cases family members were separated. From 1942
to 1945, they lived in internment camps.
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- Harder - After the December
7, 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin
D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066. This act based on
ethnicity permitted the military to bypass the constitutional
safeguards of American citizens in the name of national defense.
The order excluded persons of Japanese ancestry then living
on the West Coast from residing and working in certain locations.
This traumatic uprootment culminated in the mass evacuation
and incarceration of most Japanese Americans, most of whom
were U.S. citizens or legal permanent resident aliens. They
were detained for up to 4 years, without due process of law
or any factual basis. They were forced to live in bleak, remote
camps behind barbed wire and under the surveillance of armed
guards. Japanese American internment raised questions about
the rights of American citizens as embodied in the first ten
amendments to the Constitution.
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- Children
of the Camps
- http://www.children-of-the-camps.org/
- This companion site to the PBS program portrays
the experiences and ongoing impact of U.S.
Internment on the 60,000 Japanese Americans who
were children at the time.
- Related Website:
- 2) Children of the Camps from PBS
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/index.html
- Other Related PBS Sites:
- 3) Conscience and the Constitution from
PBS http://www.pbs.org/conscience/
- 4) Rabbit in the Moon http://www.pbs.org/pov/tvraceinitiative/rabbitinthemoon/
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- Japanese
American Exhibit and Access Project from
University of Washington
- http://www.lib.washington.edu/exhibits/harmony/default.htm
- This site provides access to the UW Libraries
holdings on the incarceration of Japanese Americans
during World War II, including a virtual exhibit
focusing on the Puyallup assembly center, Camp
Harmony, and the archival guides and inventories of
the UW Libraries Manuscripts and University
Archives Division.
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- Japanese
American Experience from Museum of the
Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies
- http://www.balchinstitute.org/museum/japanese/jap-am.html
- Learn more about Japanese American experience
and the legacy of internment.
- Other Museum Exhibits:
- 2) Forwarding Address Required from
Smithsonian National Postal Museum
- http://www.si.edu/postal/far/exhibit.html
- 3) Internment of San Francisco Japanese from
the Museum of the City of San Francisco
- http://www.sfmuseum.org/war/evactxt.html
- 4) More Perfect Union from Smithsonian
Museum of American History
- http://americanhistory.si.edu/perfectunion/experience/
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- Masumi
Hayashie Photography
- http://www.csuohio.edu/art_photos/
- This online gallery displays the artist's work
showing Japanese American Internment camps in the
U. S. and Canada, the daily life of camp
inhabitants, and more.
- Related Website:
- 2) Gallery http://oz.net/~cyu/internment/gallery.html
- 3) Images of the Japanese American Internment
http://www.momomedia.com/CLPEF/gallery.html
- 4) Roosevelt's Policy in WW II: US
Concentration Camps for Japanese
- http://www.codoh.com/zundel/antiprop/japanese/japtoc.html
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- After visiting several of the
websites, complete one or more of the
following projects.
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- Complete A WebQuest on Japanese
Internment. Follow or adapt the
procedures found at the following webQuest
sites.
- 1) American World War II Internment
Camps (Grades 7-9) by J. Franco, E.
Franco, and L.R. Evans
- http://www.pavenet.org/FTP/Users/all_share/Cohort1/5319Project/CAMPS/American%20WW%20II%20Internment%20Camps3.htm
- 2) Imprisoned in Our Own Country;
Japanese- American Internment Camps
- http://www.lams.losalamos.k12.nm.us/heacock/campsEmilySamantha.htm
- 3) Japanese Internment by E. Cierniak
http://www.e-muse.com.au/japaneseinternment/wq.html
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- Detention or Concentration
Camp? Some people disagree with how
the history of Japanese-American Interment
Camps are being portrayed - - in public
monuments and in schools. To learn more
about the issues visit the following
websites. Identify the 'revisionist'
position. Debate the issues. Decide what
is accurate.
- 1) Concentration Camp or Summer Camp?
from Mother Jones
- http://www.mojones.com/news_wire/ito.html
- 2) Japanese Relocation and Internment
in the US during WWII by B. Hopgood
- http://www.pnorthwestbooks.com/docs/jai_summary.html
- 3) Tales of American 'Concentration
Camps' Perpetuate Slander by R.
Estrada
- http://www.pnorthwestbooks.com/docs/estrada.html
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- Imagine What Camp Life Was
Like. Pretend that you are a Japanese
American housed in one of the interment
camps during WWII. Write a story that
tells what your everyday life would have
been like. Share your writing.
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- Could It Happen Again? Sixty
years ago, most Japanese Americans were
physically detained. Most were emotionally
affected by the regretful experience. Can
you envision circumstances where something
similar might reoccur in the United
States? Debate the possibilities. Decide
what measures are needed to insure that
something like it would not happen.
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- Websites By Kids For Kids
- History
of the Japanese-American Internment from
Father Ryan High School, Nashville, TN
- http://www.fatherryan.org/hcompsci/
- This student project provides a comprehensive
overview of Japanese-American Internment.
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- True
Facts about the Time and the Real Life Account of
Mr. Wayne Yamamoto
- http://users.owt.com/rpeto/swisher2/index.html
- This oral history project provides a
biographical record on one man's experience.
- Related Project from Another
Student:
- 2) Internment Experience by Paul Ozaki's
granddaughter, Pasco High School
- http://users.owt.com/rpeto/wendigrand/wendi_gran.html
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- Where
Are We? I Want to Go Home (Section within
Through Our Eyes and Hearts and
- Minds-World War II , 2001 Platinum
Award ThinkQuest Junior Project)
- http://library.thinkquest.org/J0110055/marissa/index-mar.html
- Imagine that you were moved to a wasteland to
live, powerless to go home, not knowing if you
would ever see your home again.
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- More Websites
- Camps
by C.J. Yu
- http://www.geocities.com/Athens/8420/camps.html#manzanar
- This page contains a map, photographs, and
information about many of the internment
camps.
- Related Websites:
- 2) Behind Barbed Wire at Amache (Colorado)
http://www.du.edu/~anballar/BehindBarbedWire.html
- 3) Granada Japanese Internment Camp (Colorado)
http://www.archives.state.co.us/wwcod/granada.htm
- 4) Heart Mountain Digital Preservation Project
http://chem.nwc.cc.wy.us/HMDP/
- 5) History of Tule Lake Internment Camp and the
Pilgrimages
- http://www.geocities.com/tulelakecommittee/
- 6) Images of Manzanar http://www.owensvalleyhistory.com/page12a.html
- 7) Japanese-Americans Internment Camps During
World War II from the Univ. of Utah
- http://www.lib.utah.edu/spc/photo/9066/9066.htm
- 8) Japanese Americans Internment in Arkansas
http://asms.k12.ar.us/armem/tsang/INDEX.HTM
- 9) Japanese Interment Camp Links http://www.archives.state.co.us/wwcod/grlks.htm
- 10) Japanese Internment Camps http://www.uwec.edu/Academic/Geography/Ivogeler/w188/j4.htm
- 11) Japanese Internment Camp Locations
- http://www.uwec.edu/Academic/Geography/Ivogeler/w188/j2.htm
- 12) Kooskia Internment Camp Project from
Univ. of Idaho
- http://www.uidaho.edu/LS/AACC/kooskia.htm
- 13) List of Interment and Detention Camps
http://www.momomedia.com/CLPEF/camps.html
- 14) Manzanar - America's Concentration Camp
http://members.aol.com/EARTHSUN/Manzanar.html
and http://www.qnet.com/~earthsun/manzanar.htm
- 15) Manzanar http://www.owensvalleyhistory.com/page17a.html
- 16) Manzanar (Photograph) http://www.nara.gov/nara/nn/nns/ww230.jpg
- 17) Manzanar Relocation Camp from Masumi
Hayashi Photography
- http://www.csuohio.edu/art_photos/manzanar/manzanar.html
- 18) Topaz Camp (Utah) http://www.millardcounty.com/topazcamp.html
- 19) Tule Lake Relocation Center 1942 - 1946 by
I. Fujimoto and D. Sunada
- http://www.colostate.edu/Orgs/TuleLake/Tule%20Lake%20Menu.html
- 20) War Relocation Authority Camps in Arizona,
1942-1946 from University of Arizona
- http://www.library.arizona.edu/wracamps/
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- Executive
Order No. 9066
- http://www.library.arizona.edu/images/jpamer/execordr.html
- http://www.momomedia.com/CLPEF/9066.html#Anchor
- Read the actual text of the February 19, 1942
presidential order.
- Related Websites:
- 2) Chronology of the Japanese American
Internment http://www.momomedia.com/CLPEF/chrono.html
- 3) Decision To Evacuate the Japanese from the
Pacific Coast by S. Conn
- http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist6/conn.html
and
- http://www.army.mil/CMH-PG/BOOKS/70-7_05.htm
- 4) Personal Justice Denied (Excerpt from the
Congressional Report)
- http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/4417/personaljusticedenied.html
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- Free
to Die for Their Country (Excerpt) by E.E.
Muller
- http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/548228.html
- The U.S. government dared to conscript Japanese
American internees into the army after forcing them
into internment camps on suspicion of
disloyalty?
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- Historical
Overview of the Japanese American
Internment
- http://www.momomedia.com/CLPEF/history.html
- Here a brief article summarizes the events of
the Japanese American interment during WWII.
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- Japanese
American Internment
- http://www.oz.net/~cyu/internment/main.html
- This extensive website has articles, documents,
and lots of links covering events preceding the war
and the camp operations.
- Other Comprehensive Websites:
- 2) Internment Camps in America (Links-site)
http://www.teacheroz.com/Japanese_Internment.htm
- 3) Japanese-American Internment (Links-site)
http://www.uen.org/themepark/html/liberty/japanese.html
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- Japanese
American Internment from the U.S.
Department of Justice
- http://www.usdoj.gov/kidspage/crt/redress.htm
- On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D.
Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which began
this prohibition.
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- Japanese
American Internment Memorial
- http://www.scu.edu/SCU/Programs/Diversity/memorial.html
- This website is for the memorial in San Jose,
CA.
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- Japanese
Canadian Internment
- http://www.lib.washington.edu/subject/Canada/internment/intro.html
- The evacuation of the Japanese Canadians, or
Nikkei, from the Pacific Coast in the early months
of 1942 was the greatest mass movement in the
history of Canada.
- Related Website:
- 2) Japanese Internment Camps in Canada
- http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/projects/canadianhistory/camps/internment1.html
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- Japanese
Internment Camps: A Personal Account
- http://www.uwec.edu/Academic/Geography/Ivogeler/w188/life.htm
- R.O. Komoto provides the memories of her
experience.
- Similar Biographical Websites:
- 2) Child's View of Japanese-American Internment
Camps by E.O. Onishi
- http://www.kent.wednet.edu/staff/eonishi/jainternment/JAInternment.html
- 3) Japanese Internment by Aiko H. Uyeki
http://www.northcoast.com/~bbn/aiko.html
- 4) When Americans were Treated as Traitors by
D. Kazak
- http://www.service.com/paw/Centennial/1994_Apr_15.1940SB.html
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- Korematsu
Honored with Medal of Freedom from the
ACLU News
- http://www.aclunc.org/aclunews/news298/korematsu.html
- This article is a tribute to Fred Korematsu and
his enduring courage.
- Related Websites:
- 2) Fred Korematsu v. United States http://ww\w.law.uh.edu/teacher/korematsu/
- 3) Korematsu v. United States http://www.tourolaw.edu/patch/Korematsu/
- 4) Korematsu v. United States, Justice Roberts
Dissenting http://law.touro.edu/patch/Korematsu/ROBERTS.html
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- Letters
from a Japanese-American Internment Camp
from NPR
- http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/2001/may/010509.japanesecamp.html
- Listen or read the radio broadcast about the
exhibit at the National Postal Museum in
Washington, D.C.
- Related Website:
- 2) Forwarding Address Required from
Smithsonian National Postal Museum
- http://www.si.edu/postal/far/exhibit.html
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- Unofficial
Nikkei Home Page
- http://www.kent.wednet.edu/KSD/SJ/Nikkei/Nikkei_homePage.html
- 'Nikkei' at this site is used to describe four
generations of Japanese living in America. This
page is dedicated to them and their
experiences.
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- Websites For Teachers
- Bracelet
(Grade 5) by I. Jones
- http://teacherlink.ed.usu.edu/TLresources/longterm/LessonPlans/socst/JONES.html
- The Year is 1942. The United States and Japan
are at war. Emi is a seven-year-old Japanese
American who finds herself in the middle of this
conflict. Emi and her mother are forced to pack up
all their things and move to a place called an
internment camp.
- Related Lesson:
- 2) Bracelet (Grade 5) A. Dent
- http://teacherlink.ed.usu.edu/TLresources/longterm/LessonPlans/socst/Dent/DENT.HTM
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- Changing
Perspectives on the Japanese Internment
Experience from WNET New York
- http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/lessons/internment/b.html
- Procedures for teachers is divided into four
sections: preparing for the lesson, conducting the
lesson, additional activities, and community
connections.
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- Citizenship
Denied: An Integrated Unit on the Japanese American
Internment
- http://www.intranet.csupomona.edu/~tassi/intern.htm
- Using a variety of resources, students
investigate and interpret diverse points of view
among those interned. The lessons are organized
around the central question of' 'What are our
rights and responsibilities as American citizens?'
The goal is to empower students to recognize social
injustices and advocate for the constitutional
rights of everyone.
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- Documents
and Photographs Related to Japanese
Relocation from National Archives
- and Records Administration by D. Perry
(Grades 9-12)
- http://www.nara.gov/education/cc/relocate.html
- This lesson relates to the First , Fourth , and
Fifth Amendments to the Constitution.
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- Farewell
to Manzanar (Grades 9-10) from Schools
of CA Online Resources for Educators (SCORE) by
J. Thompson
- http://www.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/score/manz/manztg.html
- Students should begin this unit after they have
had previous lessons on World War II and have read
Farewell to Manzanar.
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- Internment
of Japanese-Americans During World War II
from Houghton Mifflin's EduPlace
- http://www.eduplace.com/ss/hmss/4/unit/act5.2.html
- Students research the daily life of
Japanese-Americans in internment camps during World
War II and write radio documentaries using what
they learn.
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- Japanese
American Experience: A Way to Look at Global
Education (Grades 9-12)
- http://www.globaled.org/curriculum/internment.html
- This site houses a unit plan for exploring the
World War II incarceration of Japanese
Americans.
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- Using
Primary and Secondary Sources to Study an American
Tragedy: Japanese-American Internment during World
War II by M. Solomon
- http://www.uiowa.edu/~socialed/lessons/Internment.htm
- This lesson plans calls for students to examine
the issues and emotions involved with internment of
Japanese Americans.
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-
- Created by
Annette
Lamb and
Larry
Johnson,
1/02.
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